Myocardial Infarction Type 2: Avoiding Pitfalls and Preventing Adverse Outcomes

Abstract

Myocardial infarction type 2 (MI type 2) is an elevation of cardiac biomarkers in a physiologically stressful state leading to demand-supply mismatch of oxygen. This type of myocardial infarction is commonly seen in hospitalized patients. Since the introduction of clear definition, diagnostic criteria and International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes, the diagnosis has become increasingly common. There still remains plenty to learn about myocardial infarction type 2 especially prevention and treatment strategies. Studies have shown that there is increased mortality and morbidity associated with myocardial infarction type 2 when compared to type 1 myocardial infarction, and there may be benefit in having a multi-disciplinary approach including cardiology when treating such patients. Secondary prevention therapies may also play a role in decreasing adverse events from type 2 MI. However, randomized control trials are insufficient, and results of studies are cautiously interpreted. In this article we have assessed the current evidence on myocardial infarction type 2 and the gap in literature that will potentially be the focus of analysis in the future.