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A Brief Parental Education for Shaping Sleep Habits in 4-Month-Old Infants

Yoshiko Adachi, MD, PhD, Institute of Behavioral Health, 3-29-11 Ishizaka, Dazaifu-city, Fukuoka 818-0118, Japan and The Association for Preventive Medicine of Japan, 1-19-10 Mohri, Kouto-ku, Tokyo 135-0001, Japan
Chifumi Sato, MD, PhD, Department of Analytical Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
Noriko Nishino, MD, Kashiigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital, 2-24-36 Shimobaru, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 810-0073, Japan
Fumitake Ohryoji, MD, Center for Public Health and Welfare, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 2-5-1-6F Maiduru, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka-city 810-0073, Japan
Junko Hayama, MA, Institute of Behavioral Health, 3-29-11 Ishizaka, Dazaifu-city, Fukuoka 818-0118, Japan and Institute of Comparative Studies of International Cultures and Societies, Kurume University, 1635 Mi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka 839-8502, Japan
Toshiko Yamagami, MD, PhD, Sawara Hospital, 2-2-50 Meinohama, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-City, Fukuoka 819-0002, Japan

Corresponding Author: Yoshiko Adachi, MD, PhD, 3-29-11 Ishizaka, Dazaifu-city, Fukuoka 818-0118, Japan, Tel: +81-92-919-5717, Fax: +81-92-928-9522, Email: a_ibh{at}ybb.ne.jp

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a simple behavioral intervention with an educational booklet on the modification of parenting behaviors and the prevention of sleep disturbance in 4-month-old infants.

Design: A prospective cohort design with cluster sampling controls in a primary care setting.

Participants: A total of 136 mothers with 4-month-old infants who visited a local health check-up clinic and responded to the 3-month follow-up survey.

Methods: At the health check-up, an intervention group was provided with 10 minutes of group guidance and a simple educational booklet designed to encourage parents to promote favorable sleep patterns in their infants. A control group was provided with standard education alone. The two groups were questioned 3 months later through a survey sent by mail. Main measurements were parenting behaviors of parents and night waking of infants.

Results: Two undesirable maternal behaviors that reinforce night waking in infants exhibited a significantly greater improvement in the intervention group than in the control group. "Feed or check diaper promptly" behavior and "hold and soothe immediately" behavior after "night waking" in the infant were significantly decreased in the intervention group.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased night waking in infants was prevented in the intervention group. Our results indicate that the proportion of infant night waking was significantly higher in the control group, and there was also a tendency toward an increase in the proportion of infants who woke frequently and cried. These infant behaviors were not changed in the intervention group at the 3-month follow-up stage.

Key Words: Community health services • Early intervention • Infant • Parenting education • Sleep

Disclosure: This research was supported by the Mental Health Okamoto Memorial Foundation.